Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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What are the products of
photosynthesis? a. | carbon dioxide and water | b. | oxygen and water | c. | carbon dioxide and
sugars | d. | oxygen and sugars | | |
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2.
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What happens during
photosynthesis? a. | The cell uses oxygen to make food. | b. | The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food. | c. | The cell uses glucose to make oxygen. | d. | The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make carbon dioxide. | | |
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3.
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How does photosynthesis benefit
heterotrophs? a. | It adds carbon dioxide to the air. | b. | It creates food that they can eat. | c. | It eliminates harmful sugars. | d. | It creates clean water. | | |
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4.
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What happens during
respiration? a. | Oxygen is released into the air. | b. | Glucose is broken down, releasing energy. | c. | Carbohydrates are released into the bloodstream. | d. | Water and carbon dioxide are converted into energy. | | |
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5.
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The stage of respiration that
releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the a. | nucleus. | b. | chloroplast. | c. | cytoplasm. | d. | mitochondria. | | |
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6.
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How are photosynthesis and
respiration related? a. | They have opposite
equations. | b. | They have the same equation. | c. | They both produce carbon dioxide. | d. | They both produce oxygen. | | |
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7.
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Together, respiration and
photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere a. | fairly constant. | b. | constantly
changing. | c. | constantly increasing. | d. | constantly decreasing. | | |
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8.
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The energy-releasing process
that does not require oxygen is called a. | photosynthesis. | b. | respiration. | c. | fertilization. | d. | fermentation. | | |
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9.
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Under which of the following
conditions is lactic-acid fermentation most likely to occur? a. | a very fast run | b. | a long walk | c. | sleeping | d. | playing video
games | | |
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10.
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Mitosis is the stage of the
cell cycle during which a. | the cell’s nucleus divides into two
new nuclei. | b. | the cell’s DNA is replicated. | c. | the cell divides into two new cells. | d. | the cell’s cytoplasm divides. | | |
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11.
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What happens during cytokinesis
in animal cells? a. | A new round of mitosis begins. | b. | Two new daughter cells are formed. | c. | Each organelle divides into two parts. | d. | A cell plate forms in the middle of the cell. | | |
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12.
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A DNA molecule is shaped like
a a. | long, thin rod. | b. | spiral
staircase. | c. | straight ladder. | d. | triple helix. | | |
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13.
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During DNA replication, adenine
(A) always pairs with a. | guanine (G). | b. | cytosine (C). | c. | thymine (T). | d. | adenine (A). | | |
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14.
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Cancer is a disease in which
cells a. | grow and divide uncontrollably. | b. | die before they can mature. | c. | stop producing
DNA. | d. | die during mitosis. | | |
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15.
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How many different types of
cancer are there? a. | 10 | b. | over 100 | c. | over 500 | d. | over 1,000 | | |
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16.
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Scientists think cancer begins
when a. | a mutation occurs in DNA. | b. | a cell divides too
slowly. | c. | DNA replication stops. | d. | cells stop growing. | | |
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17.
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What is a cancer
tumor? a. | a group of cells in the bloodstream | b. | a mass of normal cells | c. | a mass of abnormal
cells | d. | a mass of cells that don’t divide | | |
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18.
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What is
chemotherapy? a. | the use of drugs to treat a disease | b. | the use of surgery to treat a disease | c. | the use of radiation to treat a disease | d. | the use of drugs to prevent cancer from occurring | | |
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19.
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What is a major cause of lung
cancer? a. | water pollution | b. | air pollution | c. | an unhealthy
diet | d. | smoking | | |
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20.
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What captures energy from
sunlight during photosynthesis? a. | solar cells | b. | stomata | c. | chlorophyll and other
pigments | d. | carbohydrates | | |
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21.
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Each rung of the DNA ladder is
made of a. | a single nitrogen base. | b. | a pair of nitrogen bases. | c. | three nitrogen
bases. | d. | four nitrogen bases. | | |
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22.
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Carbon dioxide enters plants
through the a. | pigments. | b. | chloroplasts. | c. | chlorophyll. | d. | stomata. | | |
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23.
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In which of these does
alcoholic fermentation occur? a. | carbon dioxide | b. | lactic acid | c. | muscle cells | d. | yeast | | |
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24.
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During what stage of the cell
cycle does replication occur? a. | interphase | b. | cytokinesis | c. | prophase | d. | mitosis | | |
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25.
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What is copied during
replication? a. | the cell’s organelles | b. | chromosomes | c. | the cell’s
DNA | d. | two daughter cells | | |
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26.
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What are
chromatids? a. | identical strands of chromosomes | b. | identical daughter cells | c. | doubled rods of condensed
chromatin | d. | pigments that absorb the energy in sunlight | | |
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27.
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What forms around the
chromatids during mitosis? a. | two new
chromosomes | b. | two new nuclei | c. | two new cells | d. | two new DNA
molecules | | |
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28.
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What factor may lead to almost
as many cancer deaths as does tobacco? a. | water pollution | b. | an unhealthy diet | c. | air pollution | d. | exercise | | |
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29.
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The stage of the cell cycle
that follows mitosis is called a. | interphase. | b. | metaphase. | c. | cytokinesis. | d. | telophase. | | |
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30.
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The regular cycle of growth and
division that cells undergo is called a. | replication. | b. | the cell cycle. | c. | interphase. | d. | mitosis. | | |
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Modified
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change
the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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31.
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Plants use energy from the sun
to produce carbon dioxide and sugars. _________________________
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32.
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A heterotroph is an
organism that cannot make its own food. _________________________
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33.
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Photosynthesis and respiration
form a cycle that keeps the levels of water and carbon dioxide fairly constant in the
atmosphere. _________________________
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34.
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The raw materials for
respiration are the opposite of the end products for photosynthesis.
_________________________
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35.
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When muscle cells run low on
oxygen, lactic acid fermentation takes place. _________________________
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36.
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A cell makes a copy of its DNA
during the stage of the cell cycle called mitosis. _________________________
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37.
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In a DNA molecule, guanine
always pairs with thymine. _________________________
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38.
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Cancerous cells grow in an
abnormal way. _________________________
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39.
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A mutation is a mass of
abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
_________________________
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40.
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Radiation is more
harmful to normal cells than to cancerous cells. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
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41.
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Small openings called
____________________ allow carbon dioxide to enter a leaf.
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42.
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Plants make their own food
using energy that comes from the ____________________.
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43.
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Almost all living things depend
on the process of ____________________ to supply them with the energy they need.
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44.
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During respiration, molecules
of ____________________ are first broken down in the cytoplasm.
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45.
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Energy from glucose is released
in the process of ____________________.
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46.
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The main difference between
respiration and fermentation is that respiration uses ____________________ to obtain energy from
food.
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47.
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The process in which yeasts
break down sugars and produce carbon dioxide and alcohol is called ____________________
fermentation.
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48.
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The products of respiration are
energy, carbon dioxide, and ____________________.
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49.
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A cell’s nucleus divides
to form two identical nuclei during the stage of the cell cycle known as
____________________.
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50.
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The final stage of the cell
cycle, during which the cytoplasm divides, is called ____________________.
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51.
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The sides of the DNA ladder are
made of molecules of deoxyribose and ____________________.
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52.
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A change in DNA is called a(n)
____________________.
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53.
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When a mutation disturbs the
cell cycle, the result can be ____________________, or uncontrolled cell division.
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54.
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The most common treatments for
cancer include drugs, surgery, and ____________________.
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55.
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Cancer can spread when cells
break off a tumor and are carried through the body by the ____________________.
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56.
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A form of treatment in which
drugs destroy cancer cells is called ____________________.
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57.
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Many cancer deaths are caused
by unhealthful diets or by the use of ____________________.
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58.
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Chloroplasts contain a pigment
called ____________________ that captures the energy in light.
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59.
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During cytokinesis in plant
cells, a(n) ____________________ forms across the middle of the cell.
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60.
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____________________ is the
process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA.
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Short
Answer
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Use the diagram to answer
each question.
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61.
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Identify A and B, which are the
raw materials for respiration.
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62.
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Explain where raw materials A
and B come from.
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63.
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Identify C and D, which are the
products of respiration.
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64.
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Is oxygen required for the
stage of respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm? Is oxygen required for the stage of
respiration that takes place in mitochondria?
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65.
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Compare the amount of energy
released by the stage of respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm with the amount released in
the stage of respiration that takes place in the mitochondria.
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66.
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Can you tell whether the cell
shown is a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain why or why not.
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Use the diagram to answer
each question.
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67.
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Identify the stages of the cell
cycle represented by drawings 1–5.
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68.
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Which drawings represent parts
of mitosis?
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69.
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List drawings 1-5 in their
correct order, beginning with the drawing that represents interphase.
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70.
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Identify structure A and
describe its function.
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71.
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Identify the structures labeled
B. What do these structures contain?
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72.
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Explain what is happening in
drawing 4.
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Essay
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73.
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Briefly explain what happens in
each of the two stages of photosynthesis.
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74.
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Briefly explain what happens in
each of the two stages of respiration. State the end products and where the stages occur in the
cell.
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75.
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Explain the following
statement: Photosynthesis and respiration are opposite processes.
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76.
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Animals do not make their own
food from energy in sunlight. Explain why they still depend on the sun for energy.
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77.
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Explain what a cell would look
like if it went through all stages of the cell cycle except cytokinesis.
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78.
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Define DNA replication and
explain its function.
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79.
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A person visits a hospital
because of a sore arm. Tests show that cancer is present in the arm bone, but that the cancer began
in the stomach. Explain why the cancer is called stomach cancer and not bone cancer.
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80.
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Suppose one side of a piece of
DNA contains the following series of nitrogen bases: A-C-G-C-T-T. What is the series of nitrogen
bases on the other side of that piece of DNA? Explain how you arrived at your answer.
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