Modified
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change
the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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The elevation of an area
is the difference in height between its highest and lowest point.
_________________________
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2.
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The Rocky Mountains have
low relief and high elevation. _________________________
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3.
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Scientists divide Earth into
four spheres. The lithosphere is the one that forms Earth’s rocky outer layer.
_________________________
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4.
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On a road map, the map
key shows the symbol that represents a highway. _________________________
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5.
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The prime meridian
circles Earth halfway between the North and South poles. _________________________
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6.
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A group of mountains closely
related in shape, structure, and age is a mountain range.
_________________________
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7.
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Lines of latitude run
from north to south, meeting at the poles. _________________________
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8.
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Latitude and longitude are
measured in pixels, each of which represents 1/360 of the way around a full circle.
_________________________
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9.
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On a topographic map, V-shaped
contour lines pointing uphill indicate a valley. _________________________
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10.
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On a topographic map, steep
slopes are indicated by contour lines that are widely spaced.
_________________________
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Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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11.
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What term describes the
difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area? a. | topography | b. | landform | c. | plateau | d. | relief | | |
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12.
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A landform that has high
elevation and a more or less level surface is a a. | lowland. | b. | mountain system. | c. | coastal plain. | d. | plateau. | | |
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13.
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One major difference between a
coastal plain and an interior plain is in a. | elevation. | b. | slope. | c. | relief. | d. | flatness. | | |
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14.
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If you were in a submersible
and landed on the ocean floor, you would be touching down on Earth’s a. | hydrosphere. | b. | lithosphere. | c. | atmosphere. | d. | biosphere. | | |
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15.
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The “sphere“ that
extends into each of the other spheres is the a. | hydrosphere. | b. | atmosphere. | c. | biosphere. | d. | lithosphere. | | |
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16.
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If one centimeter on a map
represents 25,000 centimeters on the ground, the scale of the map is a. | 1 centimeter = 2.5 kilometers. | b. | 1 : 250,000. | c. | 1 : 2,500,000. | d. | 1 : 25,000. | | |
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17.
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The point on Earth’s
surface having zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude would be located a. | in Greenwich, England. | b. | at the North
Pole. | c. | where the equator crosses the prime
meridian. | d. | at the South Pole. | | |
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18.
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New Orleans, Louisiana, and
Cairo, Egypt, are nearly the same distance north of the equator. This means that the two cities have
almost the same a. | elevation. | b. | projection. | c. | longitude. | d. | latitude. | | |
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19.
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If you were to take the
shortest route from 25¼ S 30¼ E to 25¼ N 30¼ W, in which direction
would you travel? a. | northeast | b. | southeast | c. | southwest | d. | northwest | | |
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20.
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A satellite image is made up of
thousands of tiny dots called a. | degrees. | b. | pixels. | c. | symbols. | d. | digits. | | |
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21.
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Computer mapmakers digitize map
data so that they can a. | find latitude and
longitude. | b. | display the data on a computer screen. | c. | make new map projections. | d. | compare satellite
images. | | |
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22.
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A topographic map differs from
a road map in that the topographic map shows a. | directions and
distance. | b. | elevation, relief, and slope. | c. | streams and lakes. | d. | highways and
expressways. | | |
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23.
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Topographic maps are usually
large-scale maps that show a. | entire
continents. | b. | only rivers and lakes. | c. | a close-up view of part of Earth’s surface. | d. | all land north or south of the equator. | | |
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24.
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Elevation, relief, and slope on
a topographic map are shown using symbols called a. | pixels. | b. | contour lines. | c. | contour
intervals. | d. | GPS units. | | |
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25.
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What kind of slope do closely
spaced contour lines indicate? a. | V-shaped | b. | flat | c. | steep | d. | gentle | | |
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26.
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To find the latitude,
longitude, and elevation of points on Earth’s surface, the Global Positioning System
uses a. | topographic maps. | b. | a network of
satellites. | c. | satellite images. | d. | aerial photography. | | |
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27.
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For the Global Positioning
System (GPS) to work, at any given time there must be a. | GPS units in every car. | b. | at least three GPS satellites above the
horizon. | c. | GPS units at several different locations. | d. | an accurate map of the area. | | |
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28.
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The Bitterroot Mountains in
Idaho are an example of a a. | mountain system. | b. | mountain belt. | c. | landform region of low
relief. | d. | mountain range. | | |
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29.
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It would be easy to walk up a
slope represented by contour lines that a. | are curved. | b. | are far apart. | c. | form closed
loops. | d. | are close together. | | |
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30.
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V-shaped contour lines pointing
uphill indicate a a. | mountain top. | b. | depression. | c. | ridge. | d. | valley. | | |
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31.
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The contour lines that
represent the top of a hill form a. | a closed loop. | b. | a sharp angle. | c. | a gentle curve. | d. | parallel lines. | | |
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32.
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A contour line that forms a
closed loop and has small dashes pointing to the inside of the loop represents a. | a small plateau. | b. | an unknown area. | c. | a mapmaker’s mistake. | d. | a depression in the
ground. | | |
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33.
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Plateaus, plains, and mountains
are all part of which of Earth’s spheres? a. | atmosphere | b. | hydrosphere | c. | biosphere | d. | lithosphere | | |
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34.
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A map projection in which the
lines of latitude and longitude are all straight, parallel lines that form a rectangle is
the a. | equal-area projection. | b. | Mercator
projection. | c. | Greenland projection. | d. | global projection. | | |
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35.
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In which “sphere” are
rivers included? a. | hydrosphere | b. | atmosphere | c. | biosphere | d. | lithosphere | | |
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36.
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Which of the locations listed
below is farthest from the prime meridian? a. | 10¡ N 25¡
W | b. | 10¡ S 25¡ E | c. | 25¡ S 40¡ E | d. | 40¡ N 35¡
W | | |
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37.
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The distance in degrees east or
west of the prime meridian is called a. | map projection. | b. | latitude. | c. | longitude. | d. | map scale. | | |
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38.
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If Lima, Peru, is located at
about 12¡ S 77¡ W, then Lima is in the a. | northern and eastern hemispheres. | b. | southern hemisphere only. | c. | southern and western
hemispheres. | d. | western hemisphere only. | | |
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39.
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On a Mercator projection,
Greenland appears larger than South America because a. | its land area is really greater than that of South America. | b. | all land masses are distorted. | c. | small land masses are distorted more than large ones. | d. | Mercator projections enlarge areas near the poles. | | |
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40.
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Elevation, relief, and
landforms are factors that determine an area’s a. | hydrosphere. | b. | topography. | c. | atmosphere. | d. | biology. | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
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41.
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Features of topography, such as
the Columbia Plateau and Mount Hood, are called ____________________.
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42.
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A coastal plain is an area with
low elevation and ____________________ relief.
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43.
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A(n) ____________________ is a
landform with high elevation and a more or less level surface.
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44.
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Nitrogen and oxygen are the
most abundant gases in Earth’s ____________________, or outermost sphere.
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45.
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Mapmakers use a framework of
lines, called a(n) _________________________, to represent Earth’s curved surface on a flat
map.
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46.
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Lake Superior, the Atlantic
Ocean, and the Nile River are part of the sphere known as the ____________________.
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47.
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The ____________________ of the
North Pole is 90¡ north.
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48.
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A spherical model of
Earth’s entire surface is called a(n) ____________________.
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49.
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Longitude is a measurement of
distance east or west of the _________________________.
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50.
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Pictures of Earth’s
surface, called _________________________, are based on data obtained by Landsat
satellites.
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51.
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Computer mapmakers use the
process of ____________________ to convert the location of points on a map to numbers.
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52.
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The
______________________________ is a satellite-based system that can precisely determine latitude and
longitude for points on Earth’s surface.
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53.
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A ____________________ map uses
contour lines to show the elevation, relief, and slope of an area.
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54.
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The _________________________
is the difference in elevation between two contour lines that are side by side.
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55.
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Most USGS topographic maps have
a(n) ____________________ of 1 : 24,000.
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56.
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Roads, rivers, airports, and
woods are represented by different ____________________ on a topographic map.
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57.
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On a topographic map, points of
equal elevation are connected by ____________________.
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58.
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Each dot, or
____________________, in a satellite image contains information about the color and brightness of a
small area on Earth’s surface.
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59.
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A world map drawn using a(n)
____________________ projection would correctly show the relative sizes of Earth’s
landmasses.
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60.
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A large area of land where the
topography is similar is called a ____________________ region.
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Short
Answer
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Use the diagram to answer
each question.
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61.
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Which type of map projection is
shown?
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62.
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What does the grid of vertical
and horizontal lines on the map represent?
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63.
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A ship is at point C on the
map. What is the exact position of the ship?
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64.
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What is the difference in
latitude, in degrees, between points A and D?
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65.
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Is the statement “Point B
is located at 60¼ north latitude” correct? Explain your answer.
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66.
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Compare the positions of Europe
and Africa on the map in terms of latitude and longitude.
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Use the diagram to answer
each question.
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67.
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What is the elevation of
Seaview Highway?
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68.
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What is the difference in
elevation between the school at point A and the house at point B?
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69.
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At high tide during a coming
storm, large waves are expected to wash up to the 10 m contour line. How many buildings will be
flooded as a result?
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70.
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What is the distance between
the school at point A and the marina?
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71.
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Where is north on the
map?
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72.
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If elevation is shown in
meters, what is the contour interval of the map?
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Essay
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73.
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Describe what each of
Earth’s spheres is made up of.
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74.
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Compare and contrast maps and
globes.
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75.
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Explain why contour lines that
show a steep cliff look different from contour lines that show a gentle slope.
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76.
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Explain why a topographic map
has a key.
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77.
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Your pen pal lives in a town at
62¡ W. Can you locate this town using only this information? Explain your answer.
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78.
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Your state plans to build a new
road. The road will connect two towns in an area of mountains and valleys. The route for the road
must avoid steep slopes and high mountains. Explain how you would use a topographic map to find the
best route for the road.
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79.
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Explain how mountains, mountain
ranges, mountain systems, and mountain belts are related.
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80.
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What is the difference between
a Mercator projection and an equal-area projection?
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