Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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What term describes the
difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area? a. | topography | b. | landform | c. | plateau | d. | relief | | |
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2.
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The point on Earth’s
surface having zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude would be located a. | in Greenwich, England. | b. | at the North
Pole. | c. | where the equator crosses the prime
meridian. | d. | at the South Pole. | | |
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3.
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New Orleans, Louisiana, and
Cairo, Egypt, are nearly the same distance north of the equator. This means that the two cities have
almost the same a. | elevation. | b. | projection. | c. | longitude. | d. | latitude. | | |
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4.
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If you were to take the shortest
route from a point at 25¼ S 30¼ E to a point at 25¼ N 30¼
W, in which direction would you travel? a. | northeast | b. | southeast | c. | southwest | d. | northwest | | |
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5.
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A topographic map differs from a
road map in that the topographic map shows a. | directions and
distance. | b. | elevation, relief, and slope. | c. | streams and lakes. | d. | highways and
expressways. | | |
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6.
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Topographic maps are usually
large-scale maps that show a. | entire
continents. | b. | only rivers and lakes. | c. | a close-up view of part of Earth’s surface. | d. | all land north or south of the equator. | | |
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7.
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Elevation, relief, and slope on
a topographic map are shown using symbols called a. | pixels. | b. | contour lines. | c. | contour
intervals. | d. | GPS units. | | |
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8.
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What kind of slope do closely
spaced contour lines indicate? a. | V-shaped | b. | flat | c. | steep | d. | gentle | | |
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9.
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It would be easy to walk up a
slope represented by contour lines that a. | are curved. | b. | are far apart. | c. | form closed
loops. | d. | are close together. | | |
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10.
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V-shaped contour lines pointing
uphill indicate a a. | mountain top. | b. | depression. | c. | ridge. | d. | valley or river valley | | |
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11.
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The contour lines that represent
the top of a hill form a. | a closed loop. | b. | a sharp angle. | c. | a gentle curve. | d. | parallel lines. | | |
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12.
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A contour line that forms a
closed loop and has small dashes pointing to the inside of the loop represents a. | a small plateau. | b. | an unknown area. | c. | a mapmaker’s mistake. | d. | a depression in the
ground. | | |
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13.
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Which of the locations listed
below is farthest from the prime meridian? a. | 10¡ N 25¡
W | b. | 10¡ S 25¡ E | c. | 25¡ S 40¡ E | d. | 40¡ N 35¡
W | | |
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14.
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The distance in degrees east or
west of the prime meridian is called a. | map projection. | b. | latitude. | c. | longitude. | d. | map scale. | | |
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15.
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If Lima, Peru, is located at
about 12¡ S 77¡ W, then Lima is in the a. | northern and eastern hemispheres. | b. | southern hemisphere only. | c. | southern and western
hemispheres. | d. | western hemisphere only. | | |
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16.
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Elevation, relief, and landforms
are factors that determine an area’s a. | hydrosphere. | b. | topography. | c. | atmosphere. | d. | biology. | | |
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17.
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The agent of mechanical
weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is
called a. | erosion. | b. | cracking and
peeling. | c. | abrasion. | d. | ice wedging. | | |
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18.
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Ice wedging causes mechanical
weathering of rock by means of a. | heating and
cooling. | b. | plant growth. | c. | animal actions. | d. | freezing and thawing of
water. | | |
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19.
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What kind of weathering causes
the mineral composition of rocks to change? a. | mechanical
weathering | b. | permeable weathering | c. | chemical weathering | d. | general
weathering | | |
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20.
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A rock containing iron becomes
soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered
by a. | water. | b. | carbon dioxide. | c. | oxygen. | d. | acid rain. | | |
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21.
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A hot and wet climate causes
weathering to take place a. | slowly. | b. | at the same rate as when the climate is dry and cool. | c. | unevenly. | d. | rapidly. | | |
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22.
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The most important factors in
determining the rate of weathering are a. | carbon dioxide and acid
rain. | b. | abrasion and acids from plant roots. | c. | animal actions and oxygen. | d. | rock type and
climate. | | |
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23.
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The growth of plant roots and
animal activity may result in a. | mechanical
weathering. | b. | erosion. | c. | chemical
weathering. | d. | abrasion. | | |
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24.
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Granite lasts a long time when
it is used for building in areas where the climate a. | does not have freezing and thawing. | b. | is cool. | c. | does not have acid
rain. | d. | is hot and rainy. | | |
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25.
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A permeable rock weathers easily
because it a. | is made up of small particles. | b. | contains many small, connected airspaces. | c. | is made up of only one mineral. | d. | is made up of many minerals. | | |
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26.
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A marble statue is left exposed
to the weather. Within a few years, the details on the statue have begun to weather away. This
weathering probably is caused by a. | oxygen in the
air. | b. | carbonic acid in rainwater. | c. | lichens. | d. | abrasion. | | |
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27.
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The process by which natural
forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called a. | soil conservation. | b. | deposition. | c. | abrasion. | d. | erosion. | | |
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28.
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The process in which sediment is
laid down in a new location is called a. | weathering. | b. | deposition. | c. | erosion. | d. | mass movement. | | |
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29.
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Landslides, mudflows, slump, and
creep are all examples of a. | mechanical
weathering. | b. | runoff. | c. | mass movement. | d. | soil formation. | | |
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30.
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Mass movement is caused
by a. | plucking and abrasion. | b. | gravity. | c. | chemical weathering. | d. | erosion and
deposition. | | |
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31.
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A stream or river that runs into
another stream or river is called a a. | tributary. | b. | meander. | c. | turbulent stream. | d. | gully. | | |
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32.
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A river flowing across a wide
flood plain begins to form looplike bends called a. | rills. | b. | meanders. | c. | outside curves. | d. | deltas. | | |
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33.
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Where a river flows from an area
of harder rock to an area of softer rock, the softer rock may wear away, eventually forming a drop
called a(n) a. | oxbow lake. | b. | gully. | c. | waterfall. | d. | delta. | | |
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34.
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A wide sloping deposit of
sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range is called a(n) a. | divide. | b. | drainage basin. | c. | alluvial fan. | d. | delta | | |
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35.
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Deltas are built up
by a. | deposition. | b. | leaching. | c. | abrasion. | d. | erosion. | | |
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36.
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What causes most sediment to
wash or fall into a river? a. | friction | b. | deposition | c. | mass movement and
runoff | d. | turbulence | | |
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37.
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A geologist finds deep gouges
and scratches on bedrock in an area once covered by a glacier. These scratches are evidence of the
type of erosion called a. | creep. | b. | mass movement. | c. | abrasion. | d. | plucking. | | |
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